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V for Vendetta Essay Example for Free

V for Vendetta Essay V for Vendetta sets the Gunpowder Plot as Vs verifiable motivation, adding to his decision of timing, language and appearance For instance, the names Rookwood, Percy and Keyes are utilized in the film, which are additionally the names of three of the Gunpowder schemers. The movie makes equals to Alexandre Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo, by drawing direct correlations among V and Edmond Dantes. (In the two stories, the saint gets away from an unfair and awful detainment and goes through decades getting ready to get revenge on his oppressors under another persona. The film is likewise express in depicting V as the epitome of a thought as opposed to a person through Vs discourse and by portraying him without a past, character or face. As indicated by the official site, Vs utilization of the Guy Fawkes veil and persona works as both down to earth and emblematic components of the story. He wears the veil to conceal his physical scars, and in clouding his character †he turns into the thought itself. As confirmed by a few pundits and observers, the movies story and style mirrors components from Gaston Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera. V and the Phantom both wear covers to conceal their distortions, control others through the influence of their minds, have awful pasts, and are inspired by retribution. V and Eveys relationship additionally matches huge numbers of the sentimental components of The Phantom of the Opera, where the conceal Phantom takes Christine Daae to his underground nest to reinstruct her. As a film about the battle among opportunity and the state, V for Vendetta takes symbolism from numerous exemplary authoritarian symbols both genuine and anecdotal, including the Third Reich and George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four. For instance, Adam Sutler essentially shows up on huge video screens and on pictures in people groups homes, both regular highlights among current authoritarian systems and suggestive of the picture of Big Brother. In another reference to Orwells epic, the trademark Strength through Unity. Solidarity through Faith is shown conspicuously across London, comparable in rhythm to War is Peace. Opportunity is Slavery. Obliviousness is Strength in Orwells book. This association between the two can likewise be seen when Evey is being tormented and finds the rodent in her room, likened to that being the heroes most noticeably terrible dread in Nineteen Eighty-Four. There is additionally the states utilization of mass reconnaissance, for example, shut circuit TV, on its residents. Valerie was sent to a confinement office for being a lesbian and afterward had clinical trials performed on her, suggestive of oppression of gays and Jews in Nazi Germany (see Persecution of gay people in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust). The name of Adam Sutler is enlivened by the name of Adolf Hitler. Sutlers insane discourse is likewise propelled from Hitlers style of discourse in spite of the fact that his objectives for oppression currently incorporate Muslims instead of Jews. Norsefire has supplanted St Georges Cross with a national image like the cutting edge Cross of Lorraine (the two crossbars close to the top). This was an image utilized by Free French Forces during World War II, as it was a conventional image of French energy that could be utilized as a response to the Nazis insignia. The letter V and the number 5 Voila! In see, an unassuming vaudevillian veteran, give vicariously a role as both casualty and miscreant by the changes of destiny. This look †no negligible facade of vanity †is a remnant of the vox populi, presently empty, disappeared. Be that as it may, this valourous appearance of a past vexation stands vivified, and has promised to vanquish these dishonest and destructive vermin vanguarding bad habit and vouchsafing the savagely horrendous and unquenchable infringement of volition! The main decision is retaliation; a feud held as a votive, not futile, for the worth and veracity of such will one-day vindicate the cautious and the temperate. Verily, this vichyssoise of verbiage veers generally verbose, so let me essentially include that its my awesome respect to meet you and you may call me V. †Vs early on monolog after gathering Evey So also to the realistic novel, there is rehashed reference precisely V and the number five all through the film (note V is the Roman numeral five). For instance, Vs prologue to Evey is a monolog containing 48 words starting with the letter V, and containing an aggregate of 52 letter Vs. When Evey reveals to V her name he rehashes it gradually as E V. In Eveys name, the letter E is the fifth letter of the letters in order, V is the fifth letter from the finish of the letters in order and is the Roman numeral for five, and the letter Y is the 25th letter of the letter set; 25 being 5 squared. In Latin, Eveys phonetic name implies leave V; the character V recognizes this, realizing this occasion has started the chain-response of occasions which will end in his end. During his detainment at Larkhill, V was held in cell V, as is Evey during her phony detainment. Versus Zorro-like mark is likewise the letter V. In the blast including the Old Bailey, the firecrackers structure a red V arrangement, finished by a round firecracker, in this way taking after V as well as the V for Vendetta logo. It is uncovered that Vs most loved expression is By the intensity of truth, I, while living, have vanquished the universe, which as indicated by the film converts into the 5 Ved Latin expression: Vi Veri Vniversum Vivus Vici. (Vniversum is really composed with a U, yet in old Latin, the letter U was composed as a V. ) In a hit the dance floor with Evey, the tune V picks is number five on his jukebox. Truth be told, all the melodies are tune number five. At the point when V defies Creedy in his nursery, he plays Beethovens Fifth Symphony, whose initial notes have a musical example that looks like the letter V in Morse code (†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬). The movies title itself is a reference to V for Victory. As V trusts that night will fall, he orchestrates an intricate domino design in dark and red which frames the V logo. In the short arrangement disregarding the train carriages, the railroad tracks structure the letter V. In a flyover shot of London towards the finish of the film, Big Ben is appeared, with its hour hand pointing at 11 and the moment hand at 1, framing a V shape. At the point when the time is perused, it shows 11:05, another reference 11â€5, or November 5. In the fight with Creedy and his men at Victoria station, he utilizes five of his six blades and structures a V with his knifes not long before he tosses them. As V tosses two of his knifes at the men on either side of Creedy, the blades structure a V shape multiple times while turning through the air. After V executes Creedys men, Creedy shoot five shots at V. After the fight, when V is mortally injured, he leaves a V signature in his own blood. The annihilation of Parliament brings about a showcase of firecrackers which structure the letter V, which is likewise a reversed Circle-An, an image regularly utilized by revolutionaries. Present day fears of despotism We felt the novel was farsighted to how the political atmosphere is right now. It truly demonstrated what can happen when society is administered by government, instead of the administration being run as a voice of the individuals. I dont think its such a major jump to express that things like that can happen when pioneers quit tuning in to the individuals. â€James McTeigue, Director With the goal of modernizing the movie, the producers added topical references pertinent to a cutting edge 2006 crowd. As indicated by the Los Angeles Times, With an abundance of new, genuine equals to draw from in the regions of government reconnaissance, torment, dread mongering and media control, also corporate debasement and strict pietism, you cant truly censure the movie producers for having a field day referencing recent developments. There are likewise references to an avian influenza pandemic, just as unavoidable utilization of biometric recognizable proof and sign insight social event and examination by the system. Many film pundits, political analysts and different individuals from the media have likewise noticed the movies various references to occasions encompassing the then-current George W. Shrub organization in the United States. These incorporate the dark packs worn by the detainees in Larkhill that have been viewed as a source of perspective to the dark sacks worn by detainees at the Abu Ghraib jail in Iraq and in U. S. - regulated Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, however the pre-The Matrix draft of the screenplay likewise contains this reference to dark packs. Additionally London is under a yellow-coded time limit alert, like the U. S. overnments shading coded Homeland Security Advisory System. One of the illegal things in Gordons mystery storm cellar is a dissent banner with a blended U. S. â€U. K. banner with an insignia and the title Coalition of the Willing, To Power which joins the Coalition of the Willing with Friedrich Nietzsches idea of Will to Power. Also, there is utilization of the term version in the film, concerning the manner in which the system expels nuisances from society. There is even a short scene (during the Valerie flashback) that contains genuine film of an enemy of Iraq War exhibition, with notice of U. S. President George W. Shrubbery. At last, the film contains references to Americas war and the war America began just as genuine film from the Iraq War. The film additionally makes a short reference to wars in Kurdistan, Syria and Sudan. Notwithstanding the America-explicit references, the producers have consistently alluded to the film as adding exchange to a lot of issues a lot more extensive than the U. S. organization. At the point when James McTeigue was asked whether BTN depended on Fox News Channel, McTeigue answered, Yes. Be that as it may, not simply Fox. Everybody is complicit in this sort of stuff. It could similarly too been the Britains Sky News Channel, likewise a piece of News Corp.

Relationships in Potoks The Chosen Essay -- Potok The Chosen Relation

In The Chosen, Potok portrays the Jewish culture during the time of World War I. Starting with the prosperity of Polish Jews before the war, Potok set up a hover of connections. In the book, there are three primary connections. The first is father-child, among Danny and his dad, Reb Saunders and among Reuven and his dad, David Malter. The connection among Reuven and Danny is the second primary relationship in The Chosen. The third primary relationship is Hasidism refrains Zionism. The connection between the two dads and the two children is a significant topic in this book. Due to their various foundations, Reb Saunders and David Malters moved toward bringing up a kid from two entirely unexpected points of view. In spite of the conspicuous contrasts in the two men’s convictions, both did what they thought was directly for their children. Reb Saunders was a Hasidic tzaddik and needed his child to emulate his example. He brought Danny up peacefully, wanting to instruct him to tune in to quietness, to learn empathy, and to build up a spirit to go with his brain. Except if it had to do with strict investigations, Reb never had a real discussion with Danny after the age of 3. Reb needed Danny to discover things out for himself. Then again, Reuven’s father, Mr. Malters, felt it significant that he had great and regular correspondence among himself and his child. The two would here and there talk for quite a long time about existence, various religions, companions and whatever else Reuven would need to ...

Fluid Sexuality and the Harlem Renaissance - Literature Essay Samples

According the George Chauncy’s book Gay New York: †black gay men nonetheless turned Harlem into a homosexual mecca†¦they build an extensive gay world in their own community, which in many respects surpassed the Village’s in scope, visibility and boldness. The Village’s most flamboyant homosexuals wore long hair; Harlem’s wore long dresses. The Village had cafes where poets read their verse and drag queens performed; Harlem had speakeasies where men danced together and drag queens were regular customers. The Village’s Liberal Club ball was attended by scores of drag queens and hundreds of spectators; Harlem’s Hamilton Lodge ball drew hundreds of drag queens and thousands of spectators.† (244-245) In popular history, gay culture was repressed until the Stonewall Riots when it exploded into the mainstream. However, Chauncey disputes this common belief by noting the enclaves where gay culture and gender challenges were common and even accepted. â€Å"The casual acceptance of drag queens at Cyril’s Cafà © and the frequency of their appearance in Harlem’s streets suggest a high degree of tolerance for them in the neighborhood as a whole.† (249) Chauncey notes that several drag queens were arrested by police officers with many of them taking their case directly to court. Chauncey also notes that there were several blues songs that invoked sissy men with a particular emphasis on the overtly feminine behavior. Bessie Smith talked about lisping, swishing, womanish-acting men while one famous Blues song demanded a woman and if not a woman, a sissy-man. The working class of Harlem was living in close proximity to the point where the people who followed non-traditio nal gender roles were visible. The main difference between the Harlem Lodge balls of the 1920s and the 1930s is how much family is defined in these rituals. According to one observer, the ball drew together â€Å"effeminate men, sissies, wolves, ferries (sic), faggots, the third sex, ladies of the night and male prostitutes†¦for a grand jamboree of dancing, love making, display, rivalry, drinking and advertisement.† (Chauncey 257) Most of the men who attended these balls were working class. According to Chauncey: â€Å"The seventeen men arrested for homosexual solicitation at the 1938 ball included two laborers, two unemployed men, a dishwasher, a domestic servant, an elevator operator, a counterman, a handyman, an attendant, a clerk and a nurse along with a musician, an artist and an entertainer.† (257) These were popular balls attended mostly by homosexuals but also by straight people who were coming to see something different. Women would loan their dresses to drag queens and straight Harlem residents would attend in greater numbers throughout the history. The balls were quickly becoming an acceptable part of the Harlem scene with even conservative newspapers admiring them for their pomp and their spectacle. There was a mixed race and a carnival atmosphere to these balls. By contrast, the modern ball circuit is a less inclusive and more aggressive practice. According to Frank Leon Roberts: â€Å"Due to the growing popularity of 1960s black nationalist rhetoric (with its rigid restrictions on how real black men should express themselves), the balls became a more dangerous pastime pleasure. The balls began to be held as early as 3, 4 or 5 a.m. – a tradition that continues to this day in order to make it safer for participants to travel the streets of Harlem safely with high heels and feathers when trade had gone to sleep.† (3) Where there was once an all-inclusive drag show that invited all comers, the current ball circuit is insular and peopled by â€Å"professional† drag queens including prostitutes. One of the major contrasts between the Harlem Balls of the 1920s and the house ball circuit today is the convention of the House. In Roberts’ article: â€Å"Houses became alternative kinship networks that selected a mother and father as their leaders (parents could be of any gender) and children as their general membership body. The houses were a literal re-creation of homes, in the sense that these groups became real-life families for individuals that might have been exiled from their birth homes.† (4-5) Even though several of these house members have supportive families the idea of homosexuality as forming its own alternative family has become a mainstay of the house ball circuit. In the 1920s, the ball was about self-expression while the new balls are about placing oneself out there in a competitive and athletic display of virility that puts one’s house up front. The aggressiveness of the balls and the forming of house units has created different gender roles for gay men. Since the aforementioned black nationalist movement emphasized â€Å"real men† there is an increasing number of openly homosexual men who identify as butch with stereotypical masculine behavior. The drag events have become underground even though â€Å"Many voguers in the community started looking for gigs as choreographers for hip-hop artists, as was the case with legends such as Andre Mizrahi of Atlanta and Pony Blahnik of New York City. Voguing transformed from the Willi Ninja-esque, pose heavy style (mis)appropriated by Madonna, to more a fluid, acrobatic dance which now looked like a sort of new black gay break dance.† (Roberts 7) The masculine has become as celebrated as the masculine feminine and the current term for â€Å"being in the closet† is â€Å"on the down low† which has a hip hop sensibility and respectability. Meanings are resigni fied in ball culture with terms like bitch and fierce being part of a performative gender model. Although both the Harlem Balls of the 1920s and the house balls of today are celebrations of gay culture as well as safe places for gender challenging in the form of drag, the greatest irony is that the Harlem Ball of the 1920s had more respect as colorful aspects of urban life, whereas today the house balls are underground movements in which people are encouraged to be either closeted or in the case of some drag queens able to pass for women on the street. Works Cited Chauncey, George. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture and the Making of the Gay World, 1890-1940. New York: Basic Books, 1995.

Rhetorical Analysis - 1841 Words

Introduction A rhetorical analysis assignment is to see how an author tries to present his work to a certain group of people. There is present certain meaning in all the texts and it is up to the author to communicate it in the required way. The purpose of this assignment was to review the article and see how the author made use of different strategies. It appears that a major aim that the author had was trying to convince the readers about revenue based financing. The author made use of several strategies as they will be discussed further down. There are many examples of rhetorical writing strategies that an author can use to make the writing all the more powerful. There is a very crucial reason why writers actually go for this sort of writing. The simplest answer would be to have their writing be more powerful and effective on the reader. The document that will be analyzed today is an n article written by Verne Kopytoff. The title of writing basically talks about how revenue-based financing is a good solution for business. The title itself sheds positive light on the article and states that the better the business does, the faster you will pay. The author of the article is Verne Kopytoff who is a technology journalist. He is alum of the San Francisco Chronicle and the New York Times. The article was written on February 05 2013. The intended audience for this piece of writing is struggling entrepreneurs. These employers or owners can belong to either big business orShow MoreRelatedThe Tipping Point: Rhetorical Analysis Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tipping Point: Rhetorical Analysis Throughout The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell explains to his reader his ideas about drastic changes in society, and how they seem to occur so rapidly. In this particular selection, Gladwell emphasizes the purpose of â€Å"connectors†, saying that they have a â€Å"special gift for bringing the world together (page 38)†. Gladwell states that part of the reason information or trends spread like wildfire is the presence of a specific group of people. They are called â€Å"connecters†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Death Of The Moth And On Keeping A Notebook 1427 Words   |  6 Pages19, September, 2014 9th Ni Device Use Analysis Rhetoric devices are often used by writers to clarify ideas, emphasize key points, or relate insights to the reader. In both â€Å"The Death of the Moth† and â€Å"On Keeping A Notebook, † the authors heavily rely on such devices to get their points across to the audience, and these devices help strengthen overall theme the authors want to communicate. Though several may argue that Didion’s use of metaphor and rhetorical question compliment her essay very wellRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Reagans Farewell Address1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Usage of Rhetoric in Ronald Reagan’s â€Å"Farewell Address† Due to the rapidly changing America, in his farewell address, Ronald Reagan expresses the need for unification of America, and America’s culture. In Reagan’s address, he uses many rhetorical devices to advance his purpose of unifying America, for instance, Reagan utilizes tone, syntax, and pathos to portray his pride, hopefulness, and patriotism for America. He uses these devices to show Americans of the unification America needs. ThroughoutRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Lesson In Hbos The Newsroom715 Words   |  3 Pagesis even used in classrooms for the powerful rhetoric that is used in it. In Will McAvoy’s speech on â€Å"The Newsroom†, McAvoy uses a variety of rhetorical devices such as Anthypophora, Asyndeton, and Dysphemism to convey the message that America is not the greatest country in the world anymore. First, Anthypophora is one of the three most effective rhetorical devices used in this powerful speech. Anthypophora is when the speaker asks a question, but instead of letting someone answer, the speaker immediatelyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ellen DeGeneress Commencement Speech Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Ellen’s Commencement Speech Rhetorical Analysis Graduation caps fly into the air, cheers erupt, and diplomas are received. This is a typical graduation day. Not only did these ceremonial events take place for Tulane Universitys class of 2009, but Ellen DeGeneres was there to congratulate them as well! This class was dubbed the Katrina Class for being survivors of the devastating Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Katrina was named one of the deadliest Hurricanes, causing more than 1,836Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.976 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation? In all of the speeches, one way or another, Dr. King used several different rhetorical devices in order to defend his own actions. In specific, two of his speeches, â€Å"I have a Dream† and â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. King used the rhetorical devices of anaphora, allusion, and diction to relay his thoughts of what is right, and also as a way to build a common ground with his audience. Though the rhetorical devices are share d between the two speeches, there are also several differences.Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Andrew Sinek s Ted Presentation1263 Words   |  6 Pagesstock that s going in the opposite direction—down—from the most desired direction—up. This is a provocative opening that engages the audience right away. 2. Ask a series of rhetorical questions. A common way to engage the audience at the start is to ask a rhetorical question. Better still, start with a series of rhetorical questions. A good example of this tactic is Simon Sinek s TED presentation. He starts with: How do you explain when things don t go as we assumed? Or better, how do you explainRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Life Beyond Do What You Love 1020 Words   |  5 PagesIn his New York Times article â€Å"A Life Beyond Do What You Love† Gordon Marino poses the question But is do what you love wisdom or malarkey? after giving us an anecdote about students coming to him for career advice. The article which uses many rhetorical devices which make the audience think about their choices in careers and what you should and want to do. The author also cites different sources for his article and past life experiences. Marino then end his article by saying many great leadersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Life Beyond D o What You Love Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pagesuse of rhetorical devices. Dr. Marino is a very highly educated philosopher who earned his Ph.D. at University of Chicago, M.A. university of Pennsylvania, and B.A. Columbia University. He typically publishes to the New York Times, for his writing mostly appeals to all people because so many can relate to this article. Marino effectively argues that sometimes individuals must sacrifice their passions to provide for their loved ones using rhetorical devices, hypophora, anecdote, rhetorical questionsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Rhetorical And Rhetorical Analysis1188 Words   |  5 Pages1. Rhetorical Analysis is the careful examination of texts, videos, and images to understand how they function in conveying their message. The definition of rhetorical analysis will help me better understand what I should be looking for when I receive a text, as rhetorical analysis is different than literary analysis. Therefore, the devices for each are also different (Lunsford et al. 88). 2. Intended audience is the initial step to any rhetorical analysis. If you are unable to identify an audience

Grand Tour free essay sample

The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transit in the 1840s, and was associated with a standard itinerary. It served as an educational rite of passage. Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations on the Continent, and from the second half of the 18th century some South American, U. S. , and other overseas youth joined in. The tradition was extended to include more of the middle class after rail and steamship travel made the journey less of a burden, and Thomas Cook made the Cooks Tour a byword. The New York Times recently described the Grand Tour in this way: Three hundred years ago, wealthy young Englishmen began taking a post-Oxbridge trek through France and Italy in search of art, culture and the roots of Western civilization. Gross, Matt. ,  Lessons From the Frugal Grand Tour. New York Times 5 September 2008. The primary value of the Grand Tour, it was believed, lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. In addition, it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain music. A grand tour could last from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone, a knowledgeable guide or tutor. The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance; as E. P. Thompson stated, ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony, and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical (military) power. [1] In essence the Grand Tour was neither a scholars pilgrimage nor a religious one,[2] though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential. Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs. Since the 17th century a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques, though the trappings of the Grand Tour— valets and coachmen, perhaps a cook, certainly a bear-leader or scholarly guide— were beyond their reach. The advent of popular guides, such as the Richardsons, did much to popularize such trips, and following the artists themselves, the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage. For gentlemen, some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour: in Rome antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities, among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things, as well as for coins and medals, which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentlemans guide to ancient history. Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities. Many continued on to Naples, where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii, but few ventured far into southern Italy and fewer still to Greece, still under Turkish rule. Contents   [hide]   * 1 History * 2 Travel itinerary * 3 Published accounts * 4 On television * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 References * 8 External links| [edit] History Rome for many centuries had been the goal of pilgrims, specially during Jubilee when they visited the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. In Britain, Thomas Coryats travel book Coryats Crudities (1611), published during the Twelve Years Truce, was an early influence on the Grand Tour but it was the far more extensive tour through Italy as far as Naples undertaken by the Collector Earl of Arundel, together with his wife and children in 1613-14 that established the most significant precedent. This is partly because he asked Inigo Jones, not yet established as an architect but already known as a great traveller and masque designer, to act as his cicerone (guide). [3] Larger numbers of tourists began their tours after the Peace of Munster in 1648. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of the term (perhaps its introduction to English) was by Richard Lassels (c. 1603–1668), an expatriate Roman Catholic priest, in his book The Voyage of Italy, which was published posthumously in Paris in 1670 and then in London. [4] Lasselss introduction listed four areas in which travel furnished an accomplished, consummate Traveller: the intellectual, the social, the ethical (by the opportunity of drawing moral instruction from all the traveller saw), and the political. Portrait of Douglas, 8th Duke of Hamilton, on his Grand Tour with his physician Dr John Moore and the latters son John. A view of Geneva is in the distance where they stayed for two years. Painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1774. The idea of traveling for the sake of curiosity and learning was a developing idea in the 17th century. With John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), it was argued, and widely accepted, that knowledge comes entirely from the external senses, that what one knows comes from the physical stimuli to which one has been exposed. Thus, one could use up the environment, taking from it all it offers, requiring a change of place. Travel, therefore, was necessary for one to develop the mind and expand knowledge of the world. As a young man at the outset of his account of a repeat Grand Tour, the historian Edward Gibbon remarked that According to the law of custom, and perhaps of reason, foreign travel completes the education of an English gentleman. Consciously adapted for intellectual self-improvement, Gibbon was revisiting the Continent on a larger and more liberal plan; most Grand Tourists did not pause more than briefly in libraries. On the eve of the Romantic era he played a significant part in introducing, William Beckford wrote a vivid account of his Grand Tour that made Gibbons unadventurous Italian tour look distinctly conventional. [5] The typical 18th-century sentiment was that of the studious observer traveling through foreign lands reporting his findings on human nature for those unfortunate enough to have stayed home. Recounting ones observations to society at large to increase its welfare was considered an obligation; the Grand Tour flourished in this mindset. 6] The Grand Tour not only provided a liberal education but allowed those who could afford it the opportunity to buy things otherwise unavailable at home, and it thus increased participants prestige and standing. Grand Tourists would return with crates of art, books, pictures, sculpture, and items of culture, which would be displayed in libraries, cabinets, gardens, and drawing rooms, as well as the galleries built purposely for their display; Th e Grand Tour became a symbol of wealth and freedom. Artists who especially thrived on Grand Tourists included Carlo Maratti, who was first patronized by John Evelyn as early as 1645,[7] Pompeo Batoni the portraitist, and the vedutisti such as Canaletto, Pannini and Guardi. The less well-off could return with an album of Piranesi etchings. The perhaps in Gibbons opening remark cast an ironic shadow over his resounding statement. [8] Critics of the Grand Tour derided its lack of adventure. The tour of Europe is a paltry thing, said one 18th century critic, a tame, uniform, unvaried prospect. 9] The Grand Tour was said to reinforce the old preconceptions and prejudices about national characteristics, as Jean Gailhards Compleat Gentleman (1678) observes: French courteous. Spanish lordly. Italian amorous. German clownish. [9] The deep suspicion with which Tour was viewed at home in England, where it was feared that the very experiences that completed the British gentleman might well undo him, were epitomised in the sarcastic nativist view of the ostentatiously well-travelled maccaroni of the 1760s and 1770s. Northerners found the contrast between Roman ruins and modern peasants of the Roman Campagna an educational lesson in vanities[citation needed] (painting by Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem, 1661, Mauritshuis) After the arrival of steam-powered transportation, around 1825, the Grand Tour custom continued, but it was of a qualitative difference — cheaper to undertake, safer, easier, open to anyone. During much of the 19th century, most educated young men of privilege undertook the Grand Tour. Germany and Switzerland came to be included in a more broadly defined circuit. Later, it became fashionable for young women as well; a trip to Italy, with a spinster aunt as chaperon, was part of the upper-class womans education, as in E. M. Forsters novel A Room with a View. At least into the late 1960s organized bus tours staffed by teachers took American high school graduates on eight-week trips across Europe. These roughly followed the traditional route, but flying the longer segments expanded the area covered to include parts of Scandinavia. [edit] Travel itinerary The most common itinerary of the Grand Tour[10] shifted across generations in the cities it embraced, but the British tourist usually began in Dover, England and crossed the English Channel to Ostend,[11] in the Spanish Netherlands/Belgium, or to Calais or Le Havre in France. From there the tourist, usually accompanied by a tutor (known colloquially as a bear-leader) and (if wealthy enough) a troop of servants, could rent or acquire a coach (which could be resold in any city or disassembled and packed across the Alps, as in Giacomo Casanovas travels, who resold it on completion), or opt to make the trip by boat as far as the Alps, either traveling up the Seine to Paris, or up the Rhine to Basel. Upon hiring a French-speaking guide (French served as the language of the elite in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries) the tourist and his entourage would travel to Paris. There the traveler might undertake lessons in French, dancing, fencing, and riding. The appeal of Paris lay in the sophisticated language and manners of French high society, including courtly behavior and fashion. This served the purpose of preparing the young man for a leadership position at home, often in government or diplomacy. Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1640-1702), painted in classical dress in Rome by Carlo Maratti From Paris he would typically go to urban Switzerland for a while, often to Geneva (the cradle of the Protestant Reformation) or Lausanne. [12] (Alpinism or mountaineering developed in the 19th century. ) From there the traveler would endure a difficult crossing over the Alps into northern Italy (such as at the Great St Bernard Pass), which included dismantling the carriage and luggage. [12] If wealthy enough, he might be carried over the hard terrain by servants. Once in Italy, the tourist would visit Turin (and, less often, Milan), then might spend a few months in Florence, where there was a considerable Anglo-Italian society accessible to traveling Englishmen of quality and where the Tribuna of the Uffizi gallery brought together in one space the monuments of High Renaissance paintings and Roman sculptures that would inspire picture galleries adorned with antiquities at home, with side trips to Pisa, then move on to Padua,[13] Bologna, and Venice. The British idea of Venice as the locus of decadent Italianate allure made it an epitome and cultural setpiece of the Grand Tour. [14][15] From Venice the traveler went to Rome to study the ruins of ancient Rome, and the masterpieces of painting, sculpture, and architecture of Romes Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Some travelers also visited Naples to study music, and (after the mid-18th century) to appreciate the recently-discovered archaeological sites of Herculaneum and Pompeii, and perhaps (for the adventurous) an ascent of Mount Vesuvius. Later in the period the more adventurous, especially if provided with a yacht, might attempt Sicily (the site of Greek ruins) or even Greece itself. But Naples or later Paestum further south was the usual terminus. From here the traveler traversed the Alps heading north through to the German-speaking parts of Europe. The traveler might stop first in Innsbruck before visiting Vienna, Dresden, Berlin and Potsdam, with perhaps some study time at the universities in Munich or Heidelberg. From there travelers visited Holland and Flanders (with more gallery-going and art appreciation) before returning across the Channel to England. [edit] Published accounts William Beckfords Grand Tour through Europe shown in red. Published (and often polished) accounts of personal experiences on the Grand Tour provide illuminating detail and a first-hand perspective of the experience. Of some accounts offered in their own lifetimes, Jeremy Black[16] detects the element of literary artifice in these and cautions that they should be approached as travel literature rather than unvarnished accounts. He lists as examples Joseph Addison, John Andrews,[17] William Thomas Beckford, whose Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents was a published account of his letters back home in 1780, embellished with stream-of-consciousness associations, William Coxe,[18] Elizabeth Craven,[19] John Moore, tutor to successive dukes of Hamilton,[20] Samuel Jackson Pratt, Tobias Smollett, Philip Thicknesse,[21] and Arthur Young. The letters written by sisters Mary and Ida Saxton of Canton, Ohio in 1869 while on a six-month tour offer insight into the Grand Tour tradition from an American perspective. [22] [edit] On television In 2009, the Grand Tour featured prominently in a PBS miniseries based on the novel Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens. Produced with attention to detail, and in settings, mainly Venice, it portrayed the Grand Tour as an essential ritual for entry to English high society. Kevin McCloud presented Kevin McClouds Grand Tour on Channel 4 during the late summer and early autumn of 2009. The four part series saw Kevin retrace the popular tour by British architects through the last four centuries. In 2005, British art historian Brian Sewell followed in the footsteps of the Grand Tourist for a 10 part television series Brian Sewells Grand Tour. Produced by UKs Channel Five, Sewell travelled across Italy by car stopping off in Rome, Florence, Vesuvius, Naples, Pompeii, Turin, Milan, Cremona, Siena, Bologna, Vicenza, Paestum, Urbino, Tivoli. His journey concluded in Venice at a masked ball. In 1998, the BBC produced an art history series Sister Wendys Grand Tour presented by Carmelite nun Sister Wendy. Ostensibly an art history series, the journey takes her from Madrid to Saint Petersburg with stop offs to see the great masterpieces. [edit]

Argumentative Essay Topics - What to Include in Your Essay Topics

Argumentative Essay Topics - What to Include in Your Essay TopicsArgumentative essay topics focus on heated topics, where other students feel that they should have the right to argue their position. As a teacher, I think it is important to draw your students attention to these subjects so that they can be more engaged in the class. Also, if your subject is global warming, for example, you want your argumentative essay topics to be very focused, not just political and intellectual, but also practical. And this means focusing on what is possible, not just what is impossible.When you are creating your basic essay topic, it helps to be specific about what you want to say. You might begin by noting that you would like to know what the best advice is for a teacher to give. You can then go from there, exploring the different aspects of this advice and the arguments against it. In this way, you will be able to move toward an argumentative essay topic that addresses both the pros and cons of such advice.This method will help you be more focused, because you will be able to separate the material that is being addressed by the various arguments. You will also be able to figure out exactly what the rules are as far as what you are allowed to discuss. And when you've been careful about this, you will be able to find the strongest argument you can build upon in a way that is successful.At the same time, this is how you should be able to put together a powerful and persuasive argument. In fact, you should do it with these essay topics. Because one is supposed to be completely independent from the other, it is easy to make a unique argument for both.However, in the same way that your students can get your attention, they can also use your attention to address different topical areas in a way that is more effective. It might seem as though you are spending more time discussing your thoughts on global warming than actually promoting them. But this is actually a great way to prom ote those very topics.One of the most important tips to remember is that you do not have to be boring or dull when you are doing this. Many times, a persuasive essay topic is easy to write, but the only thing that needs to be done is to get it on paper. This means that you will need to think of ways to encourage your students to be creative, innovative, and often unexpected ways of highlighting and exploiting weaknesses of opponents.Essays are all about teaching, but sometimes it is easier to teach through inspiration than through prose. Make sure you remember this when you are thinking about the arguments that you are going to build on. Of course, this all has to fit together, and you might need to follow certain guidelines so that your efforts are not blown.When you are writing your arguments, do not forget to take advantage of your ability to draw the attention of your students. By drawing them into your essays, you can benefit from them and also benefit from the knowledge that t hey can bring to the table. Make sure you are able to use their own insight and creativity to connect with them, and you will be able to answer all of their questions at the end of the semester.